Paleo-geology excursion 'Reading the Landscape'

Jeneverbes

Juniperus vegetation in the Lutterzand, de Lutte, the Netherlands - close up of male cones

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves, green with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April.

Juniperus communis has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa (Source: Wikipedia)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Jeneverbes

Juniperus vegetation in the Lutterzand, de Lutte, the Netherlands - close up of male cones

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves, green with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April.

Juniperus communis has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa (Source: Wikipedia)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Jeneverbes

Juniperus vegetation in the Lutterzand, de Lutte, the Netherlands - close up of male cones

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves, green with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April.

Juniperus communis has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa (Source: Wikipedia)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Jeneverbes

Juniperus vegetation in the Lutterzand, de Lutte, the Netherlands - close up of male cones

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves, green with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April.

Juniperus communis has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa (Source: Wikipedia)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Jeneverbes

Juniperus vegetation in the Lutterzand, de Lutte, the Netherlands - close up of male cones

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves, green with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April.

Juniperus communis has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa (Source: Wikipedia)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Jeneverbes

Juniperus vegetation in the Lutterzand, de Lutte, the Netherlands - close up of male cones

Juniperus communis is a small coniferous evergreen tree or shrub, very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)—rarely 16 m (52 ft)—tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. It has needle-like leaves, green with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants.

The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April.

Juniperus communis has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa (Source: Wikipedia)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Fallen trees and eagle fern in the moist birch-oak forest of the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

White bracket fungus (most likely tinder fungus) on fallen birch stem in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Carr (landform), north European wetland, a fen overgrown with trees in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente. 'A carr is a type of waterlogged wooded terrain that, typically, represents a succession stage between the original reedy swamp and the eventual formation of forest in a sub-maritime climate.' Source: Wikipedia Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Strangely shaped bracket fungus meets eagle fern leaf in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Fallen birch stem in carr and marshy wetlands of the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Tight bushes and sphagnum or peat moss in the marsh in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Soft rush or common rush (Juncus effusus), a common marsh vegetation in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Close-up of flowering soft rush or common rush (Juncus effusus), a common marsh vegetation in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

moldy and nearly perished plank footpath in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

moldy and nearly perished plank footpath in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

moldy and nearly perished plank footpath in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

moldy and nearly perished plank footpath in the Molenven, a forest reserve with zero-maintenance in Saasveld, the Netherlands, province Twente Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

View through the trees on the white mansion of Singraven Estate with surrounding park and wrought iron entrance gate. Denekamp, province Twente, the Netherlands Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

The watermill building reflects in the water of the river Dinkel at Singraven Estate in Denekamp, province Twente, the Netherlands. The watermill has three water wheels. It is a gristmill as well as a sawmill. It's the only waterdriven sawmill in the Netherlands. Previously, there was also an oil-mill in the building that now serves as the restaurant. Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Watermill Restaurant 'De Watermolen' in Singraven Estate, Denekamp province Twente, the Netherlands. This restaurant is located in the buildings that were previously used for the oil-mill installation of the adjacent watermill. Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

The three water wheels of the watermill on Singraven estate, Twente. This watermill is a gristmill as well as a sawmill. It's the only waterdriven sawmill in the Netherlands. Previously, there was also an oil-mill in the building that now serves as the restaurant. Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

The watermill with three water wheels near river Dinkel at Singraven Estate in Denekamp, province Twente, the Netherlands. It is a gristmill as well as a sawmill. It's the only waterdriven sawmill in the Netherlands. Previously, there was also an oil-mill in the building that now serves as the restaurant. Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

View through the trees on the white mansion of Singraven Estate with surrounding park and wrought iron entrance gate. Denekamp, province Twente, the Netherlands Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)

Photo's made during a paleo-ecologic excursion 'Reading the Landscape' in Twente, the Netherlands - guided by Henry Hooghiemstra, paleo-ecologist on the UVA (University of Amsterdam)